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Libelle of note

The Vena intercostalis suprema drains blood from the first intercostal space to the brachiocephalic vein on both sides.

The pattern of tributaries to the azygos vein is highly variable (Luzsa G 1972 Röntgenanatomie des Gefäßsystems. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest; Rickenbacher et al. 1982 von Lanz/Wa\chsmuth Rücken. Springer, Berlin).

The right superior intercostal vein drains the second and third (and fourth) right posterior intercostal veins to the azygos vein.

Usually, the Vena hemiazygos receives the left 9th-11th posterior intercostal veins. In TA2, they are grouped together as Venae intercostales posteriores sinistrae inferiores.

Highly variable, may even drain to the left brachiocephalic vein; usually, it receives the left 4th -8th posterior intercostal veins. In TA2, its tributaries are grouped together as Venae intercostales posteriores sinistrae mediae.

According to NA3/4 and other sources, the first and second right lumbar veins drain to the Vena lumbalis ascendens dextra, the third and fourth to the inferior vena cava, and the fifth, synonym for the Vena iliolumbalis dextra, to the right common iliac vein. These are replaced to their proper place.

According to NA3/4 and other sources, the first and second left lumbar veins drain to the Vena lumbalis ascendens sinistra, the third and fourth to the inferior vena cava, and the fifth, synonym for the Vena iliolumbalis sinistra, to the left common iliac vein. These are replaced to their proper place.

Under pathological conditions, such as hypertension in one of the venae cavae, anastomoses cavocavales ( venovenous ‘bypasses’) open to relieve hypertension. The following groups can be distinguished (Luzsa G 1972 Röntgenanatomie des Gefäßsystems. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest; Kachlik et al. 2021 Bosn J Basic Med Sci 21:208-220).

Between tributaries of the superficial epigastric veins and those of the thoracoepigastiv veins within the subcutaneous layer of the anterolateral body wall.

Between tributaries of the inferior epigastric veins and those of the superior epigastric veins within the rectus abdominis muscle.

Between tributaries of the lumbar veins and those of the ascending lumbar veins draining into the azygos and hemiazygos veins

Between tributaries of the vertebral venous plexuses, extending along the vertebral column and within the vertebral canal.